Established post-26/11 attacks, the NIA tackles national security threats with expanded powers and international cooperation initiatives.

Jotirmoy Roy, AB News, New Delhi: The National Investigation Agency (NIA) serves as India’s premier Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency, established under the National Investigation Agency Act of 2008 in response to the detrimental impact of the 26/11 Mumbai attacks. The NIA was founded with the primary aim of investigating and prosecuting offenses that threaten the sovereignty, security, and integrity of the nation, as well as maintaining friendly relations with foreign states.

 Expanded Powers and Jurisdiction

In a bid to enhance the agency’s capabilities, the NIA’s jurisdiction was further empowered through the NIA (Amendment) Act, 2019. This amendment allows the agency to investigate scheduled offenses committed by Indian citizens or affecting Indian interests outside the country’s borders. Furthermore, the scope of investigation has expanded to include violations related to the Explosive Substances Act, 1908, Human Trafficking, Cyber Terrorism, and the Arms Act, 1959.

 Structure and Funding

Headquartered in New Delhi, the NIA has established a robust infrastructure with two zonal offices located in Guwahati and Jammu, in addition to 21 branch offices across the country. Notably, 13 new branch offices and two zonal offices have been sanctioned in the last five years, reflecting the government’s commitment to fortifying the agency’s operational reach.

The financial resources allocated to the NIA have also seen a significant increase. From an initial budget of Rs. 12.09 Crore in 2009-10, the allocation surged to Rs. 394.66 Crore for the 2024-25 financial year, facilitating the agency’s various initiatives.

 

Impressive Performance Metrics

Since its inception, the NIA has registered 640 cases with a noteworthy conviction rate of 95.23%, having achieved judgments in 147 cases. To aid in swift and effective prosecution, the government has designated 51 Special Courts exclusively handling cases investigated by the NIA, including dedicated courts in Ranchi and Jammu.

 

Innovative Initiatives to Enhance Capacity

In its quest to mitigate threats to national security, the NIA has implemented several strategies and initiatives, including:

1. National Terror Data Fusion & Analysis Centre (NTDFAC): Established to leverage big data analytics, this center automates investigative processes to enhance efficacy and accountability.

2. Counter Terrorism Research Cell (CTRC): Formed to investigate various threats, the CTRC evolved from the ISIS Investigation Research Cell, broadening its horizons beyond a single terrorist group.

3. Dedicated Divisions: The NIA has set up specialized divisions focusing on Anti-Human Trafficking, Cyber Terrorism, and legal insights, reinforcing its investigative prowess.

4. Terror Funding and Fake Currency Investigations: Designated as the nodal agency for these issues, the NIA has created a dedicated cell to streamline investigations of funds linked to terrorism and counterfeit currency operations.

5. International Collaboration: The NIA hosted the third edition of the “No Money for Terror” ministerial conference in 2022, inviting representatives from 78 nations and 16 multilateral organizations. This initiative aims to strengthen global cooperation in counter-terrorism efforts.

6. Capacity Building Programs: Over the past three years, the NIA has facilitated various training programs for its officers, law enforcement, and police forces at both state and national levels. It has also engaged with international counterparts, sharing best practices and methodologies to combat terrorism collaboratively.

7. Memorandum of Understanding with NFSU: To bolster forensic expertise within the agency, a MoU has been established between the NIA and the National Forensic Science University.

 8. Joint Task Force with Bangladesh: In response to the growing issue of Fake Indian Currency Notes (FICN), a task force was instituted to foster information exchange and collaborative strategies.

 Forward Looking: Strengthening National Security

The NIA continually seeks to align its operational capabilities with the top counter-terrorism agencies globally. By refining its investigative methodologies and expanding its jurisdiction, it remains resolute in tackling the multifaceted challenges posed by terrorism and other national security threats.

As stated by the Minister of State for Home Affairs, Shri Nityanand Rai, the NIA’s comprehensive framework is paramount in safeguarding India’s sovereignty and ensuring its citizen’s security. With a proactive approach and dedicated resources, the NIA is poised to address the evolving landscape of terrorism and related offenses effectively.